🧑‍🏫 LESSON 1: Expressing Supposition & Conjecture with ～ようだ / ～みたいだ

🎯 Goal: Say “It seems that…” or “It looks like…” using context clues.

📘 Vocabulary

🧠 Grammar Explanation

• ～ようだ / ～みたいだ = “it seems”, “it looks like”, based on observation or assumption

• ～ようだ is slightly more formal

• ～みたいだ is more conversational

Examples:

• 彼は学生のようだ。→ He seems like a student.

• 外は雨が降っているみたいです。→ It looks like it’s raining outside.

• この道は危ないようだ。→ This road seems dangerous.

🗣 Practice

• Look out your window and describe what it “seems like”:
  → 外は寒いようです。

• Watch a video and say what you think is happening using みたい

• Write 3 “seems like…” sentences about your daily life

🧑‍🏫 LESSON 2: Giving Advice or Suggestions with ～たほうがいい

🎯 Goal: Recommend actions using polite suggestions.

📘 Vocabulary

🧠 Grammar Explanation

• ～たほうがいい = “You should…”
  → Use the past tense of the verb + ほうがいい
  → For negative advice, use ～ないほうがいい

Examples:

• 寝たほうがいいです。→ You should sleep.

• 甘い物を食べないほうがいいですよ。→ You shouldn’t eat sweets.

🗣 Practice

• Give advice to a friend (real or imaginary)
  → 頭が痛いです。 → 薬を飲んだほうがいいですよ。

• Write a list of 3 things someone should/shouldn’t do today

• Use roleplay: pretend you’re a doctor, teacher, etc.

🧑‍🏫 LESSON 3: Expressing Purposes with ～ために

🎯 Goal: Say why you do something (in order to…) formally and clearly.

📘 Vocabulary

🧠 Grammar Explanation

• Verb dictionary form + ために = “in order to do…”

• Noun + の + ために also works for “for the sake of…”

Examples:

• 日本で働くために、日本語を勉強しています。→ I study Japanese in order to work in Japan.

• 健康のために、運動しています。→ I exercise for my health.

🗣 Practice

• Say:
  → “I do ___ in order to ___.”
  → 日本へ行くためにお金を貯めています。

• Write 3 goals and how you are working toward them

• Watch a motivational video and pick out ～ために

🧑‍🏫 LESSON 4: Softening Requests with ～ていただけませんか / ～てもらえますか

🎯 Goal: Politely ask for help or favors.

📘 Vocabulary

🧠 Grammar Explanation

• ～ていただけませんか = very polite (Can I kindly ask you to…)

• ～てもらえますか = neutral-polite (Can you please…)

Examples:

• ちょっと手伝っていただけませんか？→ Could you help me, please?

• この問題を説明してもらえますか？→ Can you explain this problem?

🗣 Practice

• Make 3 polite requests you might ask in a class or office

• Say them out loud with good intonation

• Watch polite customer service phrases in videos (YouTube: “Japanese Keigo in shops”)

🧑‍🏫 LESSON 5: Using Passive Form ～れる / ～られる

🎯 Goal: Understand and create passive sentences (focus on what happened to someone).

📘 Vocabulary

🧠 Grammar Explanation

• Passive = receiver of the action becomes the subject

• Group 1 verbs → う → あれる

  • 書く → 書かれる

• Group 2 verbs → る → られる

  • 食べる → 食べられる

• Irregular:

  • する → される

  • 来る（くる）→ 来られる（こられる）

Examples:

• 先生にほめられました。→ I was praised by the teacher.

• 本が読まれました。→ The book was read.

• 財布を盗まれました。→ My wallet was stolen.

🗣 Practice

• Make 3 passive sentences about real events

• Read a news headline and rephrase it using passive form

• Practice both polite and casual versions